For these 100 types of instruments, how to choose between domestic and imported?
Release Date:
2025-05-29 10:28
On December 19, the Sichuan Government Procurement Network released the "2017 Government Procurement Imported Product List Argumentation Opinions Public Announcement (Teaching Equipment Category)" and "2017 Government Procurement Imported Product List Argumentation Opinions Public Announcement (Medical Equipment Category)", separately listing argumentation opinions for 100 categories of instruments/equipment.
The notice states that, in accordance with the "Notice of the Ministry of Finance on Issuing the
Among the 100 categories of teaching equipment instruments, the list of teaching equipment for which there are currently no domestic products includes 16 categories, such as fluorescence quantitative PCR instruments, power device test analyzers, ore element capture instruments (X-ray fluorescence analyzers), portable gamma spectrometers, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers, laser confocal microscopes, laser particle size analyzers, etc. These instruments are recommended for "procuring imported products".
And among the 84 categories of teaching equipment allowed for import, 40 types of instruments such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) systems, portable GC-MS systems, gas chromatographs, microplate readers, adjustable pipettes (guns), liquid chromatographs, infrared spectrometers, mass spectrometers, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instruments, ultra-micro nucleic acid protein analyzers, scanning electron microscopes, and analytical balances (precision of one hundred thousandth) are "recommended for procurement of imported products"; while for 44 types of instruments such as atomic absorption spectrophotometers, fully automatic graphite digestion systems, microwave digestion systems, fluorescence spectrophotometers, spectrophotometers, microscopes (fluorescence inverted microscopes), ultra-low temperature freezers, centrifuges, pure water systems, CO2 incubators, electrophoresis instruments, fluorescence microscopes, and fully automatic rapid cold atomic absorption mercury analyzers, the argumentation opinion is: "For general teaching purposes and requirements, domestic products are recommended; for special requirements such as scientific research, imported products are recommended".
The text provides the "differences between domestic and imported products" and "reasons for choosing imported products" for each category of instrument. For details, see the table below:
List of Teaching Equipment for which there are currently no Domestic Products
| Serial Number | Product Name | Function | Argumentation Opinion |
| 1 | Fluorescence Quantitative PCR Instrument | Used to monitor the fluorescence signal throughout the PCR amplification process. Data is displayed in chart format by real-time analysis software, and raw data is plotted as fluorescence intensity versus cycle number. Used for clinical basic gene research detection, quantitative analysis, and determination of gene transcription levels, etc. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 2 | Power Device Test Analyzer | Power device analyzers to meet various power device characterization needs. Used for measuring discrete power devices, providing a comprehensive solution for characterizing high-power devices from sub-pA levels to 10 kV and 1500 A. Includes curve tracers, supporting users in detecting device characteristics and identifying device failures, offering knob-controlled variable scan function for real-time measurement of parameters (such as breakdown voltage), and also providing an "oscilloscope view function" to visually help operators optimize the voltage and current applied to the device. Measurement settings and data can be automatically stored on the built-in hard drive and copied to external storage devices. Powerful test clips ensure operator safety (due to generated high voltage and strong current) and support various power device package types. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 3 | Ore Element Capture Instrument (X-ray Fluorescence Analyzer) | 1. Determine the elemental composition of rocks in field profiles; 2. Truly achieved rapid and accurate on-site detection; 3. Simply by directly touching the surface of the object to be measured, the ore grade and element types can be determined on-site; 4. Smallest in volume, fastest in speed, and higher in accuracy among existing analyzers. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 4 | Portable Gamma Spectrometer | 1. Used for gamma ray radiation acquisition of ores, etc.; 2. Can achieve real-time GPS positioning and match with data points | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 5 | Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer | Analyze the molecular structure of crude oil components, surfactants, polymers, and other oilfield chemicals | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 6 | High-Pressure Carbon Dioxide Adsorption Instrument | High-temperature and high-pressure gas adsorption research, supercritical gas performance research, microporous material adsorption research, coalbed methane and shale gas adsorption performance research | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 7 | Triple Ion Beam Cutter | By exciting a plum tree with an ion gun, longitudinally bombarding the sample perpendicular to its side, high-quality, stress-free "cut" cross-sections are obtained for easy SEM observation. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 8 | CT Core 3D Reconstruction Imaging System | 1. Observation of the original three-dimensional morphology and structure of shale micropores 2. Observation of contact relationships between mineral particles inside rocks | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 9 | Laser Confocal Microscope | 1. Microscopic analysis of fluorescence characteristics and distribution of inclusions; 2. Three-dimensional microscopic fluorescence analysis of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 10 | Laser Particle Size Analyzer | 1. The laser particle size analyzer measures particle size using Furanhofer diffraction and Mie scattering theories. The test is unaffected by various factors such as temperature changes, medium viscosity, sample density, and surface conditions. 2. Can test various non-metallic powders (such as heavy calcium, light calcium, talc powder, kaolin, graphite, wollastonite, brucite, barite, mica powder, bentonite, diatomaceous earth, clay, etc.), as well as metallic powders and other powders. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 11 | High-Temperature In-Situ XRD Imaging Equipment | There are currently no domestic products | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 12 | Dynamic Standard Gas Generator | No domestic alternative products | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 13 | Laminar Mass Flow Controller | No domestic alternative products | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 14 | Electric Spark Source | No domestic alternative products | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 15 | High-Flux Neutron Generator | No domestic alternative products | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 16 | Unmanned Tool System | There is no mature unmanned application research platform in China yet. The safety requirements for conventional drone indoor experiments are not met, and performance indicators also fall short. |
Recommended to procure imported products |
List of teaching equipment for which import products are permitted
| Serial Number | Product Name | Function | Domestic vs. Imported Product Differences | Reasons for choosing imported products | Argumentation Opinion |
| 1 | Spectrophotometer | Primarily used for the following qualitative and quantitative analyses: substance identification, comparison with standards and standard spectra, consistency comparison of absorption coefficients at maximum absorption wavelength, purity testing, inferring molecular structures of compounds, determining complex composition and stability constants. | Domestic photometers have significant gaps compared to imported ones in important indicators such as wavelength accuracy and repeatability, stray light, photometric accuracy and repeatability, absorbance range, and baseline stability. The wavelength range of imported products can also be extended to the near-infrared (deep UV). | Due to the shortcomings of domestic products in terms of measurement data accuracy and reproducibility, as well as measurement range and extendable accessories, some testing work requires the use of imported spectrophotometers. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. |
| 2 | Gas Chromatograph | A gas chromatograph is an important tool for measuring substances that can become gaseous at operating temperatures. It has outstanding advantages such as fast analysis speed, high sensitivity, good selectivity, and wide application range, and is widely used in many fields such as pesticides, food, environment, and pharmaceuticals. | Currently, key indicators such as stability, reproducibility, and scalability of domestic products still have certain gaps compared to imported products. The gaps are particularly significant in the core automatic control systems of these devices, such as electronic flow control systems and data acquisition frequency. |
Due to the poor stability and reproducibility of domestic instruments, and limitations imposed by the minimum detection limits of various detectors, some testing requirements cannot be met, which is particularly evident in trace analysis. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 3 | Microplate Reader | Used for enzyme immunoassay detection; capable of reading 96-well plates and 384-well plates; wavelength range: 340nm~850nm; with an 8-position filter wheel, randomly equipped with 4 filters; optional temperature-controlled incubator | Domestic products cannot read 384-well plates. | Imported products have good accuracy, high stability, and can read 384-well plates. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 4 | Microscope (Inverted Fluorescence Microscope) | The inverted fluorescence microscope is organically combined with fluorescence accessories and an inverted microscope. It is mainly used for ordinary light source, phase contrast, and fluorescence observation of common pathological sections, immunohistochemical sections, live cells, etc., as well as digital image acquisition, image processing, and printing. | Domestic brands do not have high-quality fluorescence excitation blocks and also lack high numerical aperture objectives; the field of view is only 22mm. Imported brands have high-quality fluorescence excitation blocks, objectives with numerical aperture up to 0.7, and a field of view of 25mm. | Can obtain high-definition images and have a larger observation and imaging area. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. |
| 5 | Ultra-low Temperature Freezer | For storing bioactive specimens; minimum temperature: -86℃; backup battery ensures alarm function and temperature display during power outages; uses chlorofluorocarbon-free (CFC) refrigerant; password setting: unauthorized changes to temperature and alarm settings are prevented. | Imported equipment has high temperature control accuracy and large effective volume. Domestic products are inferior to imported products in terms of temperature uniformity, operational stability, failure rate, and service life. The failure rate, in particular, is the most critical, posing a significant threat to irreplaceable and valuable specimens. | Used for preserving valuable specimens and biological products. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. |
| 6 | Centrifuge | Refrigerated type, Fast-temp rapid cooling function, fixed-speed timing function, instantaneous centrifugation function, maximum capacity 4*400ml, automatic rotor recognition, automatic lid lock function, stores up to 34 user programs, 10 acceleration and brake profiles selectable. | Domestic equipment lacks rapid cooling, fixed-speed timing, and instantaneous centrifugation functions, cannot store user programs, and offers a maximum of 6-7 acceleration and brake profiles. Additionally, domestic compressors cannot operate long-term, the minimum speed cannot be set to 4 degrees, the failure rate is high, and the centrifugation effect is poor. | Imported centrifuges can meet relevant performance requirements, have high control precision, and are more convenient for rotor replacement. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. |
| 7 | Water Purifier | Provides ultrapure water required for cell culture and molecular biology; product water resistivity: 18.2MΩ; product water free of endotoxins and RNase; product water flow rate no less than 2L/minute; capable of automatically recording water quality for over 12 months; purification columns and other consumables provide pre-depletion alerts. | The water quality produced by domestic equipment is unstable. Domestic equipment cannot remove endotoxins and RNase from product water, lacks built-in ultrafilters, lacks terminal microfilters, and cannot disinfect the wet pipelines of the entire system. | Product water is free of endotoxins and RNase, with a built-in ultrafilter that only needs replacement after more than 2 years of use. The terminal microfilter can be disinfected and reused every three months, up to 15 times, with a total lifespan of over 3 years, Can disinfect the wet pipelines of the entire system. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. |
| 8 | CO2 Incubator | Provides the necessary environment for animal cell culture; capable of high-temperature moist heat sterilization; CO2 sensor can auto-calibrate; temperature range: room temperature +5~50℃; CO2 concentration control: 0~20%; with three independent small doors; volume: greater than 150L | Imported CO2 incubators have significant advantages in the field of cell culture, such as long service life, high temperature accuracy, precise CO2 concentration control, etc. They are equipped with a HEPA high-efficiency filtration system and an automatic air circulation system, which circulates the gas inside the chamber once per minute through the HEPA filter to capture pollutants, ensuring the air cleanliness inside the chamber reaches Class 100. This truly achieves online sterilization, guaranteeing a clean and contamination-free culture environment for cells. Similar domestic products mainly suffer from problems such as uneven temperature, easy CO2 leakage, low control accuracy, and air quality inside the chamber not reaching Class 100, which makes them highly susceptible to contamination, thus hindering experimental progress and results, and leading to a higher failure rate. | Required for high-precision scientific research experiments | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. |
| 9 | Adjustable pipettor (gun) | Can be sterilized entirely, high temperature and corrosion resistant, with telescopic elastic nozzle, with density adjustment window, suitable for liquids of different densities, 4-digit volume display, maintenance-free sealing ring | Domestic equipment cannot be sterilized entirely at high temperatures or by UV, has no elastic nozzle, no density adjustment window, only 3-digit volume display, and has inaccurate precision with large errors, requiring frequent calibration. | Imported pipettors have high precision and good reproducibility | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 10 | Electrophoresis apparatus | Can hold 4 gels simultaneously (7.5×8cm); with wet transfer module; Power supply: Voltage 10-300V; Current 0-700 mA; Max power 150W | Domestic equipment can only hold 2 gels simultaneously and cannot perform wet transfer at the same time | Needs to hold 4 gels simultaneously and be able to perform wet transfer at the same time. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. |
| 11 | Liquid chromatograph | Liquid chromatograph is an important means for separating substances and for qualitative and quantitative analysis of substance components and content, used for the separation and analysis of compounds. | Compared with imported products, domestic instruments mainly show significant gaps in the maximum pressure resistance of high-pressure pumps, flow precision and accuracy, number of gradient curves, and operational stability. In addition, there are problems such as fewer sample vial positions, low automation in injection needle cleaning, easy cross-contamination, higher baseline noise, lower sensitivity, poorer reproducibility, and higher failure rates in various detectors. | Due to the significant advantages of imported instruments over domestic instruments in key indicators such as the pump's maximum pressure resistance and flow accuracy, their test results are highly precise, reliable, and reproducible, showing even greater advantages, especially in ultra-high performance liquid chromatographs. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 12 | Gene amplifier | DNA, RNA amplification. Real-time quantitative detection | Imported equipment has higher temperature uniformity and accuracy. The module is a gold-plated silver block, corrosion-resistant, with fast thermal conductivity, and a heating/cooling rate generally ≥4℃/s, low noise, and guaranteed quality. Domestic equipment has lower temperature uniformity and accuracy, only reaching ±0.5℃. The module is a common aluminum block, prone to corrosion, poor thermal conductivity, and a heating/cooling rate generally around 3℃/s, high noise, and difficult to guarantee quality. | High temperature control accuracy, fast heating rate | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. |
| 13 | Digital oscilloscope | Analog and digital signal acquisition | Domestic equipment is mainly low to mid-range products, with fewer high-end options, and there is still a gap in performance compared to imported instruments and equipment. | Wide bandwidth, high sampling frequency, convenient data storage and export | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. |
| 14 | Arbitrary waveform (signal) generator | Generate arbitrary signal waveforms | Compared with imported instruments and equipment, domestic instruments and equipment have fewer methods for generating arbitrary signals, and their signal frequency and stability are poorer. | High and synthesized signal frequency, strong frequency stability, strong signal modulation capability, convenient signal editing | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. |
| 15 | Electronic balance | A balance that uses electromagnetic force to counterbalance the gravity of the weighed object is called an electronic balance. Its features include accurate and reliable weighing, fast and clear display, an automatic detection system, a simple automatic calibration device, and overload protection. It is suitable for precision weighing, analysis, and measurement in industrial and mining enterprises, scientific research institutions, universities, laboratories, and chemical analysis rooms. | Compared with imported products, domestic balances mainly suffer from poor reliability, low precision, long response times, and generally lack built-in automatic calibration. Currently, electronic balances with a precision of 1/100,000 or higher are not yet mass-produced domestically. | Due to problems with domestic products such as low precision, long response times, and incomplete functions, high-precision applications like trace analysis require the purchase of imported instruments. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. |
| 16 | Optical contact angle | Primarily used in research, quality control, and process control fields, including studies on wetting properties of liquids or surfactants, surface tension or surface free energy, absorption or adsorption, cleanliness, diffusion, static and dynamic contact angles, interfacial tension, interfacial rheology, surface heterogeneity, and emulsion and foam stability. | Imported: Precise, durable, intuitive, powerful Measurement range 0-180°, 0.01-2000 mN/m; Accuracy ±0.1°, ±0.01 mN/m; Resolution 512*480 pixels; Max measurement speed 60, 420, 1550 frames/second; Optical zoom camera (Firewire connection, for faster and more convenient acquisition of experimental images); LED backlight. Domestic: Measurement range 0-180°, 0-1000 mN/m; Accuracy ±0.1°, ±0.01 mN/m; Lens 0.7-5X optical magnification, effective pixels 55-320 pixel/mm; Max measurement speed 25 frames/second (resolution 1280*1028); LED backlight. | Wider measurement range, faster image acquisition, wide range of applications | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 17 | Infrared spectrometer | Mainly used for molecular structure research and composition analysis of oils or chemical agents, including structural characterization of crude oil and its family components, fluid flow viscosity reducers, drag reducers, corrosion inhibitors, hydrate inhibitors, and other oil and gas field chemical agents' structural characterization and performance optimization. | Import: Spectral range 8000-350cm-1; resolution better than 0.4cm-1; wavenumber accuracy better than 0.005cm-1; signal-to-noise ratio better than 50000:1 (peak-to-peak, 1min test); 300 interferometer (its light source utilization is 1.4 times higher than 450 interferometer); adopts optical compensation technology, no mechanical adjustment device, permanent optical path alignment; mid-infrared DLATGS detector with DigiTect TM digital technology; fully digital, outputs digital signals; KBr beam splitter; 24-bit, high-speed Delta-SigmaTM type A/D conversion. Domestic: Overall, the performance indicators of domestic products are low, making it difficult to meet the needs for structural and composition analysis of oil and gas field chemical agents. | Better test accuracy, stability, and repeatability, enabling more precise and effective data acquisition, which is conducive to high-level scientific research | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 18 | Visual imaging equipment under high pressure conditions | Annulus pipe imaging of multiphase flow under high pressure conditions in underbalanced, managed pressure, and gas drilling deep wells achieves visualization within the closed annulus pipe and dynamic monitoring of flow patterns and states, enabling monitoring and reproduction of flow patterns and state evolution under high pressure (10MPa) mixed flow conditions of complex media (gas-liquid-solid; water-oil) within the annulus pipe. | Annulus pipe flow under high pressure conditions (10MPa) | No domestic equipment has yet been observed to achieve the same level of functionality | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 19 | Micro-area scanning electrochemical workstation | Scanning electrochemical microscopy, scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET), scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) testing, micro-area electrochemical impedance testing, scanning electrolyte droplet testing, non-contact micro-area topography testing | Domestic products only have scanning electrochemical microscopy function, with poor micro-area control range and poor low-frequency test results | Better functionality and accuracy | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 20 | Dual-mode 3D surface profiler | Used for observing and measuring the surface profile shape of test pieces, capable of acquiring microscopic two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) topographical profiles | Domestic equipment has low resolution and cannot achieve 3D acquisition | Higher imaging resolution and capable of 3D acquisition | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 21 | Torque Rheometer | Precise measurement and testing of relaxation behavior and viscoelasticity of polymer melts and solutions across a wide frequency range, and rheological properties research | Wider frequency range. Domestic torque rheometers generally can only stably test in the frequency range of 0.1-100s-1 and cannot measure the elastic effects of dilute solutions, such as the first normal stress difference. However, this imported equipment can stably test in the frequency range of 0.0001-300s-1, and can accurately measure the elastic effects of dilute solutions, with a minimum normal force down to 0.005 N, making it essential equipment for precise polymer viscoelastic behavior analysis | Can be widely used in fluid viscoelasticity measurement research and teaching, supporting disciplines such as mechatronics, materials, storage and transportation, drilling, and chemical engineering | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. |
| 22 | Hot Stage Polarizing Microscope | Observation of polymer crystallization process and research on crystallization kinetics | Domestic equipment has low resolution, is unstable, has poor imaging effects, and cannot be used for precision research | Can be widely used in teaching and scientific research in polymer dynamics | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 23 | High-Temperature Friction and Wear Testing Machine | Used for evaluating the high-temperature friction and wear behavior of materials under different atmospheres and the anti-friction and anti-wear behavior of lubricants | Domestic equipment has insufficient temperature range and poor high-temperature sealing performance | Can be widely used for testing the general mechanical properties of materials, supporting mechanical, electronic, and materials disciplines. Domestic equipment lacks sufficient accuracy | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. |
| 24 | Full-temperature range high-pressure microcalorimeter | Research on chemical reactions and phase changes of substances. 1. Air injection for enhanced oil recovery; 2. CO2 sequestration and enhanced oil recovery; 3. Gas hydrate research; 4. Paraffin deposition research; 5. Chemical reactions of substances; 6. Shale gas and coalbed methane research | Temperature: -196-600℃ Pressure: Atmospheric pressure-70MPa Resolution 1µW | Can simulate oil and gas reservoir temperature and pressure conditions. Conduct basic mechanism research on oil and gas development and extraction | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 25 | Nano Homogenizer | Achieves nano-sizing of solid particles | More uniform particle size, smaller particle diameter, lower heat generation | Preparation of nano-suspensions, nano-emulsions, and nanoparticles. Nanoparticles obtained from imported instruments have better bioavailability | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. |
| 26 | Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer | Achieves molecular structure elucidation | Imported instruments are highly efficient, stable, and reliable | Better analysis results for food, medicine, and microbial natural products | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 27 | Mass Spectrometer | Achieves molecular weight and molecular fragment elucidation | Imported instruments are highly efficient, stable, and reliable | Better analysis results for food, medicine, and microbial natural products | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 28 | Fluorescence Microscope | Used for observing the structure and function of cells, chromosomes, etc., in experiments such as fluorescence in situ hybridization | Domestic light sources, filter systems, and other technologies do not meet requirements | Foreign instruments have high precision and long service life. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. |
| 29 | Power System Real-time Simulation Platform | The real-time digital simulation system is a dedicated platform for power system analysis, protection, and control research and teaching. It can fully simulate and emulate the dynamic characteristics of the entire power system process from generation, transmission, and transformation to consumption. The platform can real-time simulate the electromagnetic transient processes of all components of the power system and operate stably for a long time, thus having the significant features of real-time simulation of electromagnetic transients, electromechanical transients, and medium-to-long-term dynamic processes of the entire system. It also possesses the accuracy of numerical simulation and can simulate larger power systems. | Domestic products have insufficient accuracy in model calculation results and lack stability during long-term operation. | Large-scale power grid simulation research requires high-precision, high-speed, and high-reliability imported products to ensure the safety of power system design. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. |
| 30 | Power Analyzer | A three-phase power analyzer is mainly used for power analysis and testing, suitable for testing, energy efficiency evaluation, and harmonic analysis of various converters such as transformers, rectifiers, inverters, frequency converters, and motor and electrical products. It is an important basic instrument in the power electronics industry. | Domestic products have insufficient accuracy, lack safety and reliability, and have a narrow range for testing harmonics and other parameters. | Imported equipment can perform 500th harmonic analysis and has the function of dual-channel harmonic analysis. Imported equipment can ensure the measurement accuracy of voltage, current, and power over a wide bandwidth, and at the same time, imported equipment has a very low failure rate and long service life. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. |
| 31 | Infrared Thermal Imager | An infrared thermal imager uses infrared thermal imaging technology to detect infrared radiation from target objects and converts the temperature distribution image of the target object into a video image through photoelectric conversion, signal processing, and other means. It can quickly and accurately detect poor contact in electrical equipment and overheating components to prevent severe short circuits and fires. It has two important technical indicators: thermal sensitivity and measurement range. | It is difficult for domestic equipment to simultaneously meet the requirements for temperature measurement range and accuracy, and the test performance stability of domestic equipment is poor. | Imported equipment meets thermal sensitivity: <= 0.05 °C, (50 mK), temperature measurement range: -20 °C to +1200 °C. Domestic equipment cannot meet these specifications. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 32 | Multifunctional Imaging System | Suitable for chemiluminescence imaging, fluorescence imaging (e.g., EB, SYBR Green, SYBR Red, and other dyes, which can meet nucleic acid and protein gel imaging with different fluorescent stains), protein gel imaging with Coomassie blue, silver staining, etc., colorimetric analysis, colony/spot counting, microplate quantification, autoradiography film imaging, etc. It can be upgraded with multicolor fluorescence function, near-infrared fluorescence function, live animal and plant imaging, transmission RGB for 2D DIGE, etc., making it a gel imaging system with high sensitivity and low detection limit. | Domestic equipment has limited functions, capable of only a few detections. The CCD pixel count and resolution are 1.9 million, and the CCD cooling temperature is around -20 degrees Celsius. It cannot detect low-abundance proteins due to low sensitivity, cannot perform near-infrared multicolor fluorescence detection, cannot be upgraded for small animal in-vivo imaging, and only has a single-wavelength UV transilluminator with no full-spectrum light source. The failure rate is high. | Imported equipment has powerful functions. The CCD pixel count and resolution are 2.1 million, and the CCD cooling temperature is -35 degrees Celsius. It has high sensitivity, can perform near-infrared multicolor fluorescence detection, can be upgraded for small animal in-vivo imaging, features a three-wavelength UV transilluminator, and has a full-spectrum light source. It also has characteristics such as a low failure rate. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 33 | Ultramicro Nucleic Acid Protein Analyzer | Mainly used for concentration and OD value measurement of nucleic acid and protein samples. | Domestic equipment generally uses a single-beam system, which has poor precision, accuracy, and repeatability. It can only measure one sample at a time, lacks pre-programmed routines, and users cannot edit programs according to their needs. The minimum detection volume is around 1µl. | Imported equipment generally uses a dual-beam system, which has higher precision, accuracy, and repeatability. It can measure 16 samples and 32 spots at a time, has 17 commonly used pre-programmed routines, and requires a minimum detection volume of only 0.3µl. Users can edit programs according to their needs. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 34 | X-ray Diffractometer | Phase and composition analysis of metallic materials, mineral materials, etc. | Poor reliability, low precision | Multi-layer film lens system, high-precision parallel optical path system, multi-purpose thin film testing, etc. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 35 | Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer | Chemical substance identification, material microstructure analysis, biological sample analysis, fingerprint spectrum analysis | Lacks high-quality, high-performance optical systems | Lower test environment requirements than domestic products, can obtain reliable results in humid and stuffy environments, supports GC-IR hyphenation. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 36 | Scanning Electron Microscope | Material morphology, structure, and composition analysis | Poor instrument stability, low precision | Non-conductive samples can be observed directly without gold sputtering, and sample preparation is simple. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 37 | Elemental Analyzer | Used for determining the composition of C, H, N, S, O elements in samples. | Poor reliability, low precision | Small sample injection volume and high sensitivity | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 38 | Total Organic Carbon Analyzer | Determination of organic carbon, inorganic carbon, and total carbon content in domestic water, industrial water, and various wastewaters. | Poor reproducibility, larger errors | Scientific research with strict requirements for detection methods, combustion temperature, detection range, as well as data reproducibility, error, and detection limits. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 39 | 0.01 mg Analytical Balance | Precision weighing | Imported products have good accuracy and stability. | For high-accuracy measurements, such as PM2.5 measurement, imported instruments are required. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 40 | Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry | Determination of trace metal elements | Imported products have good accuracy and stability. | Imported instrument optical resolution "0.007nm; long-term stability (25 periods): 4 hours, RSD 1%. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 41 | Post-column derivatization unit for liquid chromatography | Organic matter derivatization treatment | Imported precision and stability are good | Used in conjunction with the host unit | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 42 | Fully automatic fast cold atomic absorption mercury analyzer | Mercury measurement | Imported products have good accuracy and stability. | High-accuracy measurements require imported instruments | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. |
| 43 | Ion chromatograph | Qualitative and quantitative analysis of anions, cations, and organic acids | Imported products have good accuracy and stability. | Imported instruments feature an automatic eluent generator, capable of gradient elution, suitable for anion and cation analysis of any complex sample. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 44 | Atomic absorption spectrophotometer | Determination of trace metal elements | Imported products have good accuracy and stability. | Graphite furnace has good stability, good reproducibility, and low detection limit. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. |
| 45 | Dissolved oxygen meter | Determination of dissolved oxygen | Imported products have good accuracy and stability. | Imported instruments feature automatic barometric pressure compensation; accuracy: ±2% of reading at 0 to 200%; better stability. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. |
| 46 | Biological comprehensive toxicity analysis | Biological comprehensive toxicity identification | Imported products have good accuracy and stability. | Imported instruments are required for determining drinking water source safety to ensure drinking water safety. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 47 | Gel permeation chromatograph | Organic matter testing and purification equipment | Imported products have good accuracy and stability. | Imported processing equipment is required for high-accuracy measurements | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 48 | Flow injection analyzer | Automatic analysis of trace inorganic salts in water | Imported products have good accuracy and stability. | Imported instruments feature online pretreatment functions such as online dialysis, online heating, online distillation, online digestion, and online extraction. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. |
| 49 | Sample pulverizer | Pretreatment of solid samples such as rocks and soil. | Imported products have high efficiency, uniform particle size, and good sealing, which prevents the escape of radioactive dust and thus avoids cross-contamination. | Sample pretreatment for high-accuracy measurements requires imported instruments | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. |
| 50 | Fully automatic graphite digestion system | Used for pretreatment in inorganic substance determination | Imported volumetric accuracy is high, and stability is good | High-accuracy measurements require imported instruments | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. |
| 51 | Microwave digestion system | Used for pretreatment in heavy metal element determination | Imported safety and uniformity are good | High-accuracy measurements require imported instruments | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. |
| 52 | Grinding mill | Suitable for pulverizing various biological samples | When the core components are made of tungsten carbide, they cannot currently be produced domestically. | When high-hardness core components are required to be made of tungsten carbide, they cannot currently be produced domestically. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. |
| 53 | Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) | Determination of trace organic pollutants | Imported products have good accuracy and stability. | Mass spectrometry is fast, energy stable, and has high qualitative accuracy. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 54 | X-ray fluorescence analyzer | Determination of trace metal elements in soil | Imported products have good accuracy and stability. | Imported instruments can analyze light elements with very high accuracy. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 55 | Portable air mercury analyzer | Detection of trace mercury in air | Imported products have good accuracy and stability. | Imported instruments require no gas cylinders or external power for field monitoring, with a detection limit of 2ng/m3. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. |
| 56 | Portable gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) | On-site trace organic matter determination | Imported products have good accuracy and stability. | Imported instruments can detect volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOC/SVOC) in the environment, including analysis of toxic industrial materials (TIM) and toxic industrial chemicals (TIC), chemical warfare agents (CWA), with built-in carrier gas and no external power required. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 57 | Automatic solid phase extraction (SPE) instrument | Extraction of trace organic matter from water | Imported precision and stability are good | Imported equipment features both column and membrane extraction methods, with sample volumes ranging from 1ml to 20L, suitable for solid phase extraction pretreatment of samples in any field. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 58 | Automatic liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) instrument | Extraction of trace organic matter from water | Imported precision and stability are good | Imported equipment has good airtightness, higher recovery rates, and is suitable for pretreatment of measurement samples. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 59 | Automatic sample concentrator | Used for pretreatment in trace organic matter determination (nitrogen blow-down) | Imported precision and stability are good | Imported equipment features Teflon needles, suitable for concentrating any complex sample. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 60 | Liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) | Qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic substances | Good accuracy and stability, high sensitivity | There are significant differences in the stability, detection accuracy, and sensitivity between domestic equipment and imported products. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 61 | Flow cytometer | Used for automatic cell analysis and sorting. The instrument can quickly measure, store, and display a series of important biophysical and biochemical characteristic parameters of dispersed cells suspended in liquid, and can sort out specific cell subpopulations based on pre-selected parameter ranges. | Imported equipment has good functionality, accuracy, and stability. | Imported equipment has good functionality, accuracy, and stability. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 62 | Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer | Studies the change in material weight under thermal environments. | There is a significant difference in the stability, detection accuracy, and sensitivity of domestic equipment compared to imported products. | Domestic equipment lacks sufficient accuracy and stable performance. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 63 | Electrochemical Scanning Probe Microscope | Scanning imaging of the catalytic performance of electroactive material surfaces, such as corrosion measurement and research on electrocatalytic materials; local pH distribution imaging, local impedance analysis; enzyme activity imaging of biochemical reaction membranes; imaging of exocytosis processes; research on reaction activity at liquid-liquid interfaces at different temperatures. | Insufficient accuracy, poor stability. | Ultra-fast response and ultra-high precision, multiple high-precision positioning systems. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 64 | Unconventional Reservoir Porosity and Permeability Analyzer | 1. Measures the porosity and permeability of tight reservoir rocks; 2. Can achieve combined measurement of porosity and permeability. | Domestic equipment lacks sufficient testing accuracy, is only suitable for conventional reservoir rocks, and has insufficient reliability of test data. | Compared to domestic equipment, imported products have higher data accuracy, reliability, and good reproducibility. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 65 | Fluid PVT Phase Behavior Tester | This system can perform sample testing, formation fluid sampling, and PVT analysis and testing of reservoir fluid samples such as crude oil, volatile oil, condensate gas, and dry gas (including shale gas) with different gas-oil ratios under high temperature and ultra-high pressure conditions. It conducts experimental research on the phase behavior characteristics of reservoir formation fluids under ultra-high pressure conditions, providing basic data support for research on the development mechanism of ultra-high pressure oil and gas reservoirs. | Domestic equipment has poor testing accuracy, low pressure and temperature testing range, and does not use corrosion-resistant materials, so it cannot test acidic gases. | Compared to domestic equipment, imported products have higher testing accuracy, a wider range of high-temperature and high-pressure resistance, and use corrosion-resistant nickel-chromium alloys, allowing them to test acidic gases containing CO2. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 66 | Fluorescence Spectrophotometer | By measuring the fluorescence emission spectra of crude oil, surfactant, and polymer solutions, it analyzes the molecular structure and composition of aromatic ring components in crude oil and the supramolecular structure of surfactant and polymer solutions. | This type of domestic instrument cannot change the excitation wavelength. | Imported instruments can change the excitation wavelength, making them more widely applicable. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. |
| 67 | Atomic Force Microscope | Measures the surface morphology of crude oil asphaltenes, waxes, surfactants, polymer solutions, gels, and other oilfield chemicals. | The images obtained from this type of domestic instrument are very unclear and basically unusable. | Imported products have high accuracy, and almost all relevant industry standards are based on imported products. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 68 | Pulse Decay Gas Permeability Measurement Instrument | Used for measuring the liquid permeability of coal, shale, gas-bearing tight sandstone, and other extremely low permeability core samples. | Imported instruments can test samples saturated with brine, oil, or water, using the unsteady-state method, while domestic permeameters use the steady-state method. | Imported products are suitable for ultra-low permeability core permeability testing and for samples saturated with formation water. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 69 | Fluorescence Spectrometer | 1. Fine spectral analysis of fluorescent components in sedimentary rocks; 2. Fine spectral analysis of oil product fluorescence phenomena. | 1. Domestic products have poor stability and low sensitivity; 2. Solid sample accessories cannot achieve high-sensitivity analysis of solid samples. | 1. Imported products have good reproducibility, highest sensitivity, and fast scanning speed; 2. Imported product accessories like solid holders can enable fluorescence spectral analysis of solid samples. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. |
| 70 | Helium Porosimeter | 1. Used for measuring grain volume, pore volume, and porosity. 2. Due to the equipment being equipped with a precision pressure sensor, measurement accuracy is high. | 1. The porosity measured by domestic products is not accurate enough, and its reliability still needs to be demonstrated. 2. The pressure of domestic products is not high enough, leading to reliability issues with sealing. | Imported products have high accuracy, and almost all relevant industry standards are based on imported products. | Recommended to procure imported products |
| 71 | Dynamometer | Dynamometers are mainly used for cutting force detection in metal cutting experiments. Due to the special nature of cutting measurements, traditional strain-gauge static force measuring instruments cannot meet the requirements for real-time monitoring of cutting forces during rapidly changing machining processes. At the same time, due to the complexity of piezoelectric measuring instrument production, the small number of products currently produced by domestic research institutions engaged in piezoelectric measurement equipment still have significant gaps in measurement accuracy and stability, and cannot yet meet the needs of university research and teaching. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. | ||
| 72 | Fully Automatic Amino Acid Analyzer | Domestic products cannot meet the above requirements, and there are no substitute products. Currently, commonly used equipment are imported from abroad, with representative manufacturers including MembraPure A300 from Germany, Sykam from Germany, and Hitachi from Japan. | Recommended to procure imported products | ||
| 73 | Inductive Hot Press Sintering System | Currently, domestic hot press sintering furnaces primarily focus on high-temperature sintering and forming of powder metallurgy and functional ceramic materials (such as silicon carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, etc.), with a relatively limited range of applicable materials. Inductive heating temperatures reach 2400℃, and mechanical pressure reaches 200 tons. Similar imported products can be used for the preparation, sintering, and processing of complex structural materials such as powder materials, ceramic materials, and fiber composite materials. The maximum temperature can reach 2500℃, pressure up to 250 tons, with precise temperature and pressure control, and excellent performance in terms of temperature uniformity, uniform temperature zone length, and safety, enabling fully automatic and rapid sintering and forming. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. | ||
| 74 | Thermogravimetric Analyzer | 1. Currently, there are many manufacturers of simultaneous thermal analyzers on the market, including several foreign manufacturers such as Netzsch GmbH from Germany, Mettler from Switzerland, and TA Instruments from the United States, as well as domestic manufacturers such as Beijing Hengjiu Company and Shanghai Tianping Instrument Factory. These manufacturers all have a certain number of users in China, and according to differences in instrument performance and price, users are also distributed in various fields such as high-end research institutions, ordinary educational units, and industrial and mining enterprises. 2. Although all are called simultaneous thermal analyzers, some manufacturers use the current *** calorimetric technology－DSC, for synchronous measurement with TG. Other manufacturers still use the relatively backward calorimetric technology－DTA, for synchronous measurement with TG. The choice between DSC technology and DTA technology is the biggest difference among different products on the simultaneous thermal analyzer market today. 3. Because the comprehensive thermal analyzers from Beijing Hengjiu Company and Shanghai Tianping Instrument Factory in China still use the relatively backward calorimetric technology－DTA, for synchronous measurement with TG, they cannot achieve true DSC signals, and their maximum test temperature is only 1450°C. Technical indicators such as inability to achieve a high vacuum environment cannot meet our current scientific research technical requirements. Therefore, we choose to purchase comprehensive thermal analyzers that meet the technical requirements from foreign products. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. | ||
| 75 | Low-Temperature Magnetic Stirring Reactor | Similar products are available domestically, but domestic products cannot achieve temperature control of ±1°, and have higher noise. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. | ||
| 76 | Molecular Distillation Equipment Accessories | Domestic products cannot meet the accuracy requirements; imported accessories are needed to expand the functions of molecular distillation equipment. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. | ||
| 77 | Ultra-Low Background Liquid Scintillation Analyzer | Domestic technical indicators do not meet requirements and cannot satisfy scientific research needs. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. | ||
| 78 | Small Industrial Robotic Arm | Domestic stability and technical indicators do not meet requirements and cannot satisfy the needs for experiments and application development. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. | ||
| 79 | Robot Simulation Software | There is no such general-purpose robot simulation software in China; other robot simulation software products are highly specialized, and their expandability and compatibility with real robots are poor. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. | ||
| 80 | Ground Penetrating Radar System | Domestic technical indicators do not meet requirements and cannot satisfy scientific research needs. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. | ||
| 81 | CZT Detector System (Cadmium Zinc Telluride Detector System) | There are no domestic manufacturers for detectors made of this type of material. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. | ||
| 82 | LaBr Detector System (Lanthanum Bromide Detector System) | Domestic manufacturer specifications cannot meet laboratory analysis requirements. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. | ||
| 83 | PLC Control Chip (Programmable Logic Controller Chip) | Domestic manufacturer specifications cannot meet laboratory analysis requirements. | For general teaching purposes and requirements, it is recommended to use domestic products; for scientific research and other special requirements, it is recommended to purchase imported products. | ||
| 84 | Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Camera | High-precision scientific research experimental requirements: near-infrared camera, fast imaging speed, high resolution, selectable bands. | Recommended to procure imported products | ||
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