The hazards of humidity to electronic components and complete machines
Release Date:
2025-05-16 14:56
Most electronic products require operation and storage in dry conditions. Statistics show that more than a quarter of industrial manufacturing defects worldwide each year are related to moisture damage. For the electronics industry, moisture damage has become one of the main factors affecting product quality.
1. Integrated Circuits: The harm of moisture to the semiconductor industry is mainly manifested by its ability to penetrate IC plastic packaging through gaps such as pins and enter the IC's interior, leading to IC moisture absorption. During the heating phase of the SMT process, water vapor forms, and the resulting pressure causes IC resin packaging to crack and the metal inside the IC device to oxidize, leading to product failure. In addition, when devices are soldered onto PCB boards, the release of water vapor pressure can also lead to cold solder joints.
According to IPC-M190J-STD-033, SMD components exposed to high-humidity air environments must be placed in a dry cabinet with humidity below 10%RH for 10 times the exposure duration to restore their "floor life," avoid scrap, and ensure safety.
2. Liquid Crystal Devices: Although the glass substrates, polarizers, and filter sheets of liquid crystal display screens and other liquid crystal devices are cleaned and dried during production, they can still be affected by moisture after cooling, reducing the product's pass rate. Therefore, after cleaning and drying, they should be stored in a dry environment below 40%RH.
3. Other Electronic Devices: Capacitors, ceramic devices, connectors, switches, solder, PCBs, crystals, silicon wafers, quartz oscillators, SMT adhesives, electrode material binders, electronic pastes, high-brightness devices, etc., are all susceptible to moisture damage.
Electronic devices during the operation process: semi-finished products in packaging before the next process; before and after PCB packaging until power-on; ICs, BGAs, PCBs, etc., that have been unpacked but not yet used up; devices awaiting soldering in the reflow oven; devices awaiting return to temperature after baking; unpackaged finished products, etc., are all susceptible to moisture damage.
Finished electronic machines also suffer from moisture damage during storage. If stored in a high-humidity environment for too long, it will lead to malfunctions. For computer board CPUs and similar components, it can cause oxidation of gold fingers, leading to poor contact and malfunction.
The production and storage environment humidity for electronic industrial products should be below 40%. Some varieties require even lower humidity.
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