To conduct a good experiment, good experimental equipment is indispensable, especially when most laboratories currently have sufficient funding. The following are commonly used experimental equipment for protein purification, for reference only.

(1) Ultrasonic Cell Disruptor

Suitable for ultrasonic disruption of 5-100g wet bacterial cells, for laboratory scale use. Ultrasonic probes with diameters of 10, 15, or 20mm can generally be selected. Recommended domestic machine: Ningbo Xinzhi.

(2) High-Pressure Homogenizer

For large-scale production, no limit on bacterial cell volume. Good cell disruption effect, but pay attention to cooling.

(3) High-Shear Emulsifier

Used for uniformly suspending bacterial cells, faster than stirring, good uniformity, especially suitable for large-scale production. Additionally, it is very useful for buffer preparation in large-scale production, enabling rapid dissolution and mixing. Recommended brands: IKA; Domestic brand: FLUKO;

(4) Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration Column

Used for cell collection during large-scale production, requires coordination with a large peristaltic pump and pressure gauge.

(5) High-Speed Refrigerated Centrifuge

Used for cell collection in lab-scale and pilot-scale trials, centrifugation after cell disruption, centrifugation after inclusion body dissolution, small-scale centrifugal ultrafiltration, etc. Recommended brands: BECKMAN, Hitachi, Eppendorf.

(6) Magnetic Stirrer

Simply for stirring. Used for buffer preparation, inclusion body dissolution, etc. Recommended brands: Any domestic brand is fine, preferably with 4 or 6 stirring positions.

(7) Vacuum Pump

Used for centrifugation supernatant filtration, buffer filtration, sample filtration, etc. Recommended brand: Millipore WP61 model.

(8) Filter

Used in conjunction with a vacuum pump. Recommended brand: Sartorius 50mm stainless steel filter with sintered metal support plate.

(9) pH Meter

Used for buffer preparation and sample pH adjustment. Recommended brand: Mettler.

(10) Conductivity Meter

Used for measuring the conductivity of buffers and samples.

(11) Pure Water System

If there is no piped pure water system, then this is essential. At least deionized water, double-distilled water, or triple-distilled water should be used. Recommended brand: MINI Q.

(12) UV-Visible Spectrophotometer

For determining protein concentration. Recommended brands: Beckman, Shimadzu.

(13) Nucleic Acid and Protein Detector

For online monitoring during purification. If not using advanced instruments like AKTA or Bio-Rad, then this is necessary.

(14) Peristaltic Pump

Used for simple purification systems, inclusion body dilution and refolding. Recommended brands: LongerPump, GE Healthcare P50.

(15) Purification System

Advanced purification systems. Recommended brands: AKTA explorer, AKTA Purifier. Bio-Rad's DUOFLOW is not recommended.

(16) Membrane Ultrafilter

Used for protein sample concentration, buffer exchange, and endotoxin removal from buffers during pharmaceutical-grade protein purification. Recommended brands: Millipore Labscale, Pellicon (for pump, domestic LongerPump can be used).

(17) Protein Electrophoresis System

For SDS-PAGE, Western blot. Recommended brand: Bio-Rad.

(18) Destaining Shaker

Used for electrophoresis staining and destaining.

(19) Ice Maker

Used for cooling during cell disruption.

(20) Constant Temperature Incubator

Used for constant temperature during fusion protein enzymatic cleavage to remove tags, and for ELISA.

(21) Gel Imaging System

Used for taking photos of electrophoresis gels and Western blots, and requires a photo printer. It's essentially a digital camera; there's no fundamental difference in hardware among brands, the main consideration is which one has good software and a user-friendly interface.

(22) Induction Cooker

For heating electrophoresis samples.

(23) Microwave Oven

For electrophoresis Coomassie blue staining destaining. Heating water, dissolving urea, ammonium sulfate, etc.

(24) Micropipette

This refers to pipettes. From 1ul to 5ml are all needed. There is also an electronic type that can use graduated pipettes. Recommended brands: Gilson, Eppendorf.

(25) Laminar Flow Hood

Used for sterile filtration of protein samples.

(26) Refrigerator

Self-explanatory.

(27) Electric Fan

For concentrating and air-drying small samples.

(28) Electronic Balance

For weighing. Two accuracies: 0.1mg and 0.01g. Recommended brand: Mettler.

(29) Air Conditioner

I believe no one will object to this; it's also an environmental requirement for protein purification.

(30) Ultrasonic Cleaner

Used for buffer degassing, and vacuum pumping with a vacuum pump can also be used. Especially for degassing when organic solvents and aqueous phases are mixed during hydrophobic chromatography.

(31) Microplate reader, plate washer

Used to determine protein immune activity. Especially when the content of our purified protein raw material is very low and SDS-PAGE cannot effectively monitor it, the Elisa method must be applied.

(32) Constant temperature drying oven, dry oven

The constant temperature drying oven is used for drying glassware and general plastic parts after washing, with a set temperature of 40-60 degrees Celsius.

The dry oven is used for dry heat sterilization, endotoxin removal, etc., with a set temperature of 180-220 degrees Celsius.

(33) Acid bath

It's the kind of immersion container commonly used in cell culture. For pharmaceutical-grade protein purification, all containers must be soaked in an acid bath.

(34) UPS power supply

Protects chromatography equipment and prevents data loss.

(35) Chromatography cold cabinet, low-temperature cold room

A large double-door cold cabinet at 4 degrees Celsius, where chromatography columns can be placed, necessary for temperature-sensitive protein purification. It's best if humidity can be controlled to protect the protein purification system.

The function of the cold room is similar to the above, but more thorough, though the operating cost is higher.

(36) Freeze dryer

A better solution for protein preservation. Forms vary from portable to large-scale freeze-drying chambers in pharmaceutical factories.