About Ice Machine

Ice Machine Principle: An ice machine is a refrigeration mechanical equipment that produces ice by cooling water through an evaporator using a refrigerant from a refrigeration system. Depending on the different principles of the evaporator and the ice formation process, the shape of the ice produced also varies. Ice machines are generally classified by ice shape into granular ice machines, flake ice machines, plate ice machines, tube ice machines, shell ice machines, and so on. Ice Machine Classification: By ice shape, they can be divided into: scale flake ice machines, snowflake ice machines, bar ice machines, plate ice machines, block ice machines (which can be further divided into edible small block ice machines and industrial large block ice machines), ice particle machines, granular machines, tube ice machines, bullet-shaped ice machines.

About the Chromatography Cabinet

Analysis of Temperature and Humidity Requirements for Laboratory Equipment
Laboratory equipment requires certain environmental factors as backup, because the normal operation of instruments needs to be in an appropriate environment. The metrology equipment in laboratories is mainly divided into measuring equipment for length, weight, mass, quality, etc. These devices are used less frequently, not every day. Therefore, reasonable management of equipment has become a key focus for laboratories. In national standards JJF1069-2007 "Assessment Specification for Legal Metrology Verification Institutions" and DI-LAC/AC01:2005 "Accreditation Criteria for Testing and Calibration Laboratories", certain requirements and specifications are made for the environment of metrology equipment in laboratories. Also, only by storing them in a suitable environment can the service life of these devices be extended and their measurement accuracy guaranteed. The main testing items for laboratory equipment include biological disinfection, dust, electromagnetic interference, radiation, humidity, power supply, temperature, sound level, and vibration level, etc. By measuring and ensuring these, they can adapt to the technical activities of related instruments. Temperature and humidity monitoring directly affects the service life of equipment. Temperature and humidity detection can be carried out using a temperature and humidity data logger, or using a self-recording temperature and humidity meter. This instrument, while detecting the temperature and humidity in the environment, can also detect the illuminance intensity in the environment, which is suitable for light intensity measurement within the laboratory. Therefore, in laboratory equipment management, the most important aspect is the control of temperature and humidity, and sometimes even the control of illuminance, i.e., the illuminance of fluorescent lamps. Because the illuminance of fluorescent lamps can also affect the use and even the lifespan of instruments, at this time we need another instrument that can measure illuminance, such as a temperature and illuminance data logger. This instrument is capable of measuring temperature and illuminance. Internal and external laboratory environments, such as temperature and humidity, can cause unstable equipment performance, seriously affecting the reliability of metrology equipment management. Using a temperature and illuminance data logger for monitoring, both manual inspection and computer-locked automatic monitoring modes can be used. What's most special is a data analysis software compatible with the temperature and illuminance data logger, which can analyze the measurement results. By combining the analysis curves of the measurement results with weather changes and seasonal variations, the linear relationship between the two can be understood. This allows for early prevention, providing excellent assistance for temperature and humidity changes and monitoring.

About aseptic ice machine

Typical Users of Aseptic Ice Machines
Typical Users of Aseptic Ice Machines Chongqing Xinqiao Hospital Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Yunnan Fuwai Cardiovascular Disease Hospital Yunnan Pan Asia International Cardiovascular Hospital Chuanbei Medical College Affiliated Hospital Guilin People's Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Overseas Chinese Hospital) Binzhou Medical College Affiliated Hospital The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat sen University Hubei Provincial People's Hospital beijing tiantan hospital The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen People’s Hospital Fudan University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen Hospital Xiamen University Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital Shenzhen Sun Yat sen Cardiovascular Disease Hospital Yueyang Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Linyi People's Hospital Jiangsu Province Hospital

About Medicine Storage Box

Storage Methods for Chemical Reagents
Improper storage of reagents can lead to their degradation and spoilage, affecting experimental results, causing waste of materials, and sometimes even leading to accidents. Therefore, scientifically storing reagents is of great importance for ensuring smooth experimental procedures and obtaining reliable experimental data. The degradation of chemical reagents mostly occurs due to external conditions, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, acidic and alkaline substances in the air, as well as ambient temperature and light exposure, all of which can cause chemical reagents to undergo oxidation, reduction, deliquescence, efflorescence, crystallization, dilution, corrosion, decomposition, volatilization, sublimation, polymerization, mold growth, discoloration, and even combustion/explosion. 1. Influence of Storage Conditions on Chemical Reagents. (1). Influence of various components in the air. Oxidizing and Reducing Substances; Besides oxygen, the air sometimes contains nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and bromine vapor. Most low-valent ions in inorganic reagents, such as ferrous ions, stannous ions, active metals, and reducing compounds in organic reagents, are easily oxidized by oxidizing substances in the air; while strong oxidizing agents in inorganic reagents are easily reduced by reducing substances in the air. The influence of this factor can cause reagents to lose or decrease their original oxidizing and reducing capabilities. Carbon Dioxide: Carbon dioxide is an acidic oxide that forms carbonic acid with water vapor in the air. It is easily absorbed by bases (e.g., sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, butylenediamine), strong alkali-weak acid salts (sodium arsenate, sodium silicate), compounds that form insoluble carbonates with carbonic acid (e.g., calcium, strontium, barium, lead, magnesium, cadmium salts), and by certain organic reagents. Therefore, if reagents with the above properties are not properly sealed, they will be corroded and degraded by carbon dioxide. Acidic and Alkaline Gases: Acidic or alkaline gases, such as hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ammonia, produced during experiments or due to improper sealing of reagent bottles, can combine with water vapor in the air to form acidic or alkaline mist droplets, which adhere to reagent bottles, contaminating the reagents. Water Vapor: When the water vapor content in the air is too high, desiccants and reference substances for volumetric analysis can easily become damp and unusable. Certain substances, such as halides, nitrates, carbonates, and citrates, easily absorb water and deliquesce; some may also undergo hydrolysis, making them difficult to restore. Ammonium persulfate releases oxygen and loses its oxidizing property after absorbing moisture and hydrolyzing; sodium sulfide turns into a liquid and releases hydrogen sulfide after absorbing moisture; anhydrous aluminum chloride hydrolyzes into aluminum hydroxide and produces hydrochloric acid, etc. However, when the air is too dry, some reagents containing crystal water can easily effloresce, turning the reagent into powder.

About centrifuges

Centrifuge Classification Methods
There are many types of centrifuges. How should they be classified? Typically, there are several methods: According to rotational speed, they can be divided into: low-speed centrifuges (<10,000 rpm/min), high-speed centrifuges (10,000 rpm/min to 30,000 rpm/min), and ultra-high-speed centrifuges (>30,000 rpm/min). Each centrifuge has a rated maximum speed, which refers to the speed under no-load conditions. However, the maximum speed varies depending on the type of rotor and the mass of the sample. According to temperature requirements, they can be divided into: ambient centrifuges and refrigerated centrifuges. Some samples (such as proteins, cells, etc.) can be damaged in high-temperature environments, so refrigerated centrifuges should be chosen. Refrigerated centrifuges all have a rated temperature range. According to the type of rotor, they can be divided into: horizontal rotor centrifuges and angle rotor centrifuges. Horizontal rotor: When the rotor is operating, it is in a horizontal state, perpendicular to the rotation axis, and the sample sedimentation is concentrated at the bottom of the centrifuge tube. Horizontal rotors are suitable for large-volume separation and facilitate layered removal from centrifuge tubes, but are not suitable for high-speed separation. Angle rotor: The centrifuge container forms a fixed angle with the rotation axis, and the sample sedimentation is concentrated at the bottom of the centrifuge tube and the side wall near the bottom. Particle sedimentation may occur on one side of the tube, creating a wall effect that affects the separation efficiency. This type is suitable for high-speed separation. According to the size and capacity of the centrifuge, they can also be divided into: micro medical centrifuges, small capacity medical centrifuges, and large capacity medical centrifuges. Micro and small capacity centrifuges are generally benchtop, while large capacity centrifuges are mostly floor-standing. The number of sample tubes to be centrifuged each time and the capacity required for each sample tube are factors that determine the total capacity of a centrifuge. Simply put, the total capacity of a centrifuge = capacity per centrifuge tube × number of centrifuge tubes. The total capacity and workload size are matched.

Basic Knowledge and Application

Instruments required for setting up a molecular biology laboratory
I. Upstream Molecular Cloning Molecular cloning technology is a core technology in molecular biology. The main purpose of this technology is to obtain a large number of copies of a certain gene or DNA fragment, thereby enabling in-depth analysis of gene structure and function, and achieving the goal of artificially modifying the genetic traits of cells and species. 1. Basic technical roadmap for molecular cloning: 1) Isolation and preparation of target genes or DNA fragments; 2) In vitro ligation of target DNA with vector; 3) Transfer of recombinant DNA molecules into host cells; 4) Screening and identification of positive recombinants; 5) Amplification of recombinants. 2. Commonly used instruments for molecular cloning: